This article reviews four concepts: stability, robustness, vulnerability and
resilience, commonly used but sometimes difficult to distinguish. Main
findings are: (1) agricultural systems face different types
of perturbations, from small to extreme; (2) stability, robustness, vulnerability and
resilience are increasingly applied to predict the system response under changing
conditions; (3) the four concepts are distinguished by the nature of the
system components and by the type of perturbation studied; (4)
assessment methods must be tested under contrasting situations; and (5)
the major options allowing system adaptation under extreme changes are the increase of diversity and the increase of adaptive capacity.
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